Did you know that Mont Saint-Michel was originally meant to be a prison? However, nowadays, this place stands like a mythical castle set amid the tides of Normandy's rugged coastline and encapsulates a beacon of history, architecture and natural wonders. From its impressive gravity-defying medieval abbey to the mesmerizing ebb and flow of the surrounding tidal bays, Mont Saint-Michel is a timeless natural work of art that fascinates tourists and history buffs alike. Built on a rocky islet surrounded by a magnificent bay and sheltering the highest tides of continental Europe, the mountain and its bay are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located between Normandie and Bretagne, the cause of an ancestral feud, 3.5 hours drive from Paris, this magnificent site is one of the most visited monuments in France. If you are curious about discovering what makes the Mont Saint-Michel so special, you are in the right place… In just five minutes, we invite you on a whirlwind journey to discover the secrets and splendour of this fascinating historical site. So buckle up as we begin exploring Mont Saint-Michel and its secrets: how did this prison become such a ravishing cultural gem?
The history of the legendary Mont Saint Michel
A fortified abbey that served as a religious sanctuary
According to legends, the history of Mont Saint-Michel began in 708, when the Archangel Michael appeared three times in Bishop Aubert's dreams. Saint Michael asked him to build a sanctuary on an island called Mont-Tombe. The construction of the first chapel is reminiscent of the first temple built to the Archangel on Mount Gargan in the Italian province of Puglia. Still, it is particularly reminiscent of the rise of Christianity in the West at that time. Hence, the first version of the iconic landmark overlooking the little island was erected. Benedictine monks finally came to the mountain in 966 under the order of Richard I, Duke of Normandy. The construction of the Romanesque monastery church began in 1023, once the monks had settled. After that, the mountain became an important pilgrimage site throughout the Christian West, welcoming pilgrims from all walks of life - including English and French kings such as Henri II Plantagenet, Saint Louis - who came hoping to ask St. Michael to protect and save their souls. During the Middle Ages, it developed into an important cultural center, as it became a place of creation, preservation and study of many manuscripts to the point where it became a true political and intellectual center.
A theatre for historical events
The Hundred Years' War broke out in 1337, necessitating the construction of fortifications at Mont Saint-Michel. The war with the British was raging, and the mountain was geographically at the center of this conflict. Therefore, it was decided to build large walls to protect the village and monastery. Even though the British attempted to capture the mount, they were unsuccessful. This victory earned Mont Saint-Michel the title “Defender of the Realm”. Unfortunately, the attacks left their mark… In 1421, the church's Romanesque choir eventually collapsed. Hopefully, it was completely rebuilt in late Gothic style just a century later. Right after, in 1423, the mountain experienced a siege by the English, which they won in 1434 before it became a symbol of victory for the Kingdom of France against the English.
A Bastille on the sea
Due to the tides and changing sand, Mont Saint-Michel became a prison over the centuries, making escape impossible. Louis XI converted the hill into a prison as early as 1472 for religious prisoners and exiled citizens. Until the French Revolution, monks and prisoners lived together. In 1791, the last Benedictines left Mont Saint-Michel, and the mountain became state property. It was renamed "Mont Libre" at the time but continued to serve as a prison for unruly priests. This chapter of the history of Mont Saint-Michel ended in 1863, after the abbey church was destroyed by several fires and the monument was left in a state of severe decay. Urgently needing renovation, the famous French writer Victor Hugo took a stand for the preservation of Mont Saint-Michel fervently in 1884.
A true architectural Marvel
From a medieval setting and a prison
Located on the top and sides of the rock and requiring a complex arrangement of coverings and twists, this monastery is an architectural masterpiece that will leave you feeling dizzy and disoriented because of Its verticality, its most striking feature that makes it so recognizable.
The abbey was a strategic location in the center of the bay and a stronghold of the medieval Duchy of Normandy. During the Hundred Years' War, Mont Saint-Michel stood as a medieval fortress that continued to resist despite numerous conflicts. This city was made impregnable not only thanks to the construction of strong walls but no doubt also thanks to the constant coming and going of the tides.
In the 17th century, the pilgrimage had lost momentum, and the monastery gradually became a prison. At the time, it was nicknamed the "Bastille of the Sea" for its intimidating architecture before the French Revolution, when the state nationalized the property to turn it into a "central house" in the 19th century. Most rooms were completely renovated to accommodate the maximum number of criminals and political prisoners. Notable prisoners at the Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel included Armand Barbès and Auguste Blanqui, fierce opponents of the July Monarchy. Although this period covered the island in a dark atmosphere, it allowed the monastery to avoid total destruction and become the stunning landmark we now enjoy.
To the perfect holiday getaway
It is hard to imagine how such a beautiful place could have once fallen into complete disrepair. However, this happened in 1863 when the monastery faded from memory. Hopefully, the concept of cultural heritage emerged during the same period and the monastery was classified as a historical monument in 1874. Since then, restoration work has begun, and the area around Mont Saint-Michel has been developed to welcome the first visitors. it began the famous Mont Saint-Michel as we know it today.
In 1979, the " Mont-Saint-Michel and its bay " were registered on the World Heritage List by UNESCO; it is one of the first French cultural goods to appear as such. Twenty years later, the site was once again listed as part of the serial property of the " Chemins de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle en France. “ This double recognition illustrates the universal and exceptional value of the site that makes it a coveted place to spend holidays. The abbey is undergoing many special restoration projects to preserve its unique character and keep it in top condition for future generations. The Archangel statue, the cloisters and, more recently, the Merveille building have been restored. Thus, if you are a history and culture enthusiast, this marvellous place could be a perfect fit to stop by when crossing the beautiful Normandie region.
The historical feud for the beauty of Mont Saint-Michel
Mont Saint-Michel stands as a testament to the breathtaking beauty of nature's artistry. This remarkable island is a marvel that has captured the imagination of travellers for centuries. With its abbey perched atop a rocky pinnacle and its stupendous surroundings composed of vast stretches of tidal flats and lush salt marshes, Mont Saint-Michel seems like something out of a fairy tale that will amaze both young and old. As the tides ebb and flow, the landscape undergoes a mesmerizing transformation, creating a masterpiece of nature's design under the shifting sky. The unique location of this UNESCO World Heritage site, situated in the middle of the sea, serves as a reminder of the harmonious relationship between mankind and nature, making Mont Saint-Michel an enchanting destination for seekers of both history and natural wonder. The beauty of such an architectural wonder has made it a coveted property and a source of conflict throughout history… The conflict between Normandie and Bretagne over the location of Mont Saint-Michel was a historical dispute stemming from the changing political boundaries of medieval France. Located on the border between the two regions, both Normandie and Bretagne claimed the site. The strategic and religious importance of the monastery only heightened tensions until the end of the 14th century, when Mont Saint-Michel finally became an official part of Normandie, as recorded in a treaty signed in 1395. Yet the debate over its legal ownership remains historical proof, highlighting the complex interplay between politics and regional identity in France's rich history. Nowadays, many of Bretagne’s inhabitants still claim Mont Saint-Michel as their regional heritage.
How to live an incredible experience visiting the Mont Saint Michel
En route!
To get to the scenic Mont Saint-Michel from Paris, consider various transportation options. The quickest and easiest way is to take the train from Paris to Rennes, which usually takes around 2.5 to 3 hours. From Rennes, you can take a connecting train or bus to Pontorson, the closest town to Mont Saint-Michel. During your trip, you should stop to enjoy charming French cities such as Rennes, probably the most iconic city of Bretagne. The final leg of the journey involves a short shuttle ride or an enchanting walk across the causeway to the island itself. If you are looking for a road trip, you can rent a car in Paris and drive to Mont Saint-Michel, which takes about 4 to 5 hours but could take more if you decide to take your time to enjoy the little villages of Normandie and stop by spectacular cities such as Étretat. Either way, the trip is well worth it, as Mont Saint-Michel, with its stunning medieval architecture and unique location, offers a truly enchanting experience you will not forget.
Stay in beautiful hotels to better enjoy the Mont
Hotel Le Mouton Blanc
Le Mouton Blanc stands as a charming hotel located on the picturesque island of Mont Saint-Michel in Normandie. Situated within the medieval walls of this famous UNESCO World Heritage Site, the hotel offers guests a unique and charming experience within a bucolic setting. With its historic architecture and comfortable interiors, Le Mouton Blanc offers travellers a cozy and welcoming retreat with a free breakfast buffet, a nice terrace and an onsite French cuisine restaurant. The hotel's rooms are tastefully decorated and equipped with modern amenities to ensure a comfortable stay. Guests can explore the stunning Mont Saint-Michel in the early morning and late evening when most tourists have left, creating a peaceful and magical atmosphere. Moreover, the hotel's location is ideal for those who want to get the most out of their trip: you will be right next to the Maritime Museum and the Tourism Office.
Auberge Saint-Pierre
The Auberge Saint-Pierre is more than just accommodation; it is a fascinating journey through history and luxury. Also located within the ancient walls of Mont Saint-Michel, this exquisite hotel takes you back in time and offers you a rare opportunity to enjoy the magic of this iconic island. You will be captivated by the timeless and pastoral atmosphere. The rooms are elegantly furnished, combining modern comforts with the unique features of the historical surroundings, recognizable by its wood framework and impressive stone walls. This place allows you to wake up to the soft morning light and admire the ethereal beauty of Mont Saint-Michel. The Auberge Saint-Pierre's restaurant is sure to satisfy your taste buds, serving delicious Normandie cuisine and local specialties. Whether you're a history buff, have a romantic soul or are just looking for a unique getaway, you should come and let the centuries-old walls of the Auberge Saint-Pierre tell their story while creating your own unforgettable memories at the charming Mont Saint-Michel.
Must-do activities in Mont Saint-Michel
Mont-Saint-Michel offers many activities to suit every interest. To discover the iconic Abbey of Mont Saint-Michel and its rocky island steeped in medieval Gothic design and monastic life, visitors can stroll the winding streets of the charming village at the foot of the island, lined with quaint shops, restaurants and artisan boutiques. The tides constantly change, allowing visitors to take peaceful walks around the bay. At sunset, the island takes on a magical atmosphere, with the monasteries and villages illuminated with beautiful lights, which is perfect for horse riding along the beach. Regarding your gastronomical experience in Mont Saint-Michel, you must visit the unmissable La Mère Poulard restaurant. Built in 1888 by Annette and Victor Poulard, it is both an inn and restaurant serving visitors. Their omelets are the most popular dish on the menu, made from a secret recipe that built its legend. So, if you are a curious gourmet, dine at La Mère Poulard and try to discover the secret that makes this unique buttery dish. If you prefer seafood delicacies, you cannot miss the Normandes oysters of Cancale, ideal to savour while enjoying the stunning sea views. And if you are more of a history enthusiast, wander through the cobblestone streets of Grande rue, walk the walls of the fortifications, explore the Abbaye of Mont Saint-Michel, and take a guided tour through the city to discover all the secrets of this magical site.
Therefore, whether you seek a deeper connection with nature and history or a taste of Normandie, Mont Saint-Michel is an enchanting destination that promises a variety of captivating experiences. This place stands as a testament to the fusion of natural beauty and human ingenuity and offers, within a charming village, a unique blend of history, architecture, and stunning landscapes that continue to captivate visitors from around the world. Nowadays, it seems hard to believe this breathtaking site was once a prison. However, we can easily understand why Normandie and Bretagne long fought for their property. If you would like to discover more stunning French landscapes, follow Best of France Facebook page. Hence, Mont Saint-Michel is an unparalleled destination that invites you to step back in time and savour the wonders of the present, so do not wait and book your trip!
